Qubits and quantum algorithms for particle detection (QPE)

CMOS Image sensors have become the industry standard for a large range of applications , primarily due to its excellent sensitivity in the visible spectrum, as well as its superior scalability and power efficiency due to its integration compatibility with the readout circuitry on a single IC (integrated circuit). However, challenges with CMOS image sensors arise for imaging applications beyond visible spectrum, as well as applications requiring high-speeds and high-accuracy. CMOS detectors are incapable of detecting of wavelengths beyond 1000 nm, and the conversion step involving ADCs and digital logic gates, currently limited to a few hundred megasamples per second. Processes required to expand the detection bandwidth of CMOS detectors break CMOS compatibility, while using faster electronics leads to increased noise – detrimental for low photon flux applications, thus making it challenging to overcome these limitations. To address this, it is beneficial to look at alternative platforms for large detector arrays that can expand the detection bandwidth while not compromising readout speeds.

One can look to qubits fundamentally for several reasons. Firstly, there is a vast amount of research put into connecting quantum computers via light, otherwise known as a quantum internet. Different ranges of light have been shown to be more useful for their needs. Whether that be increasing the range or accuracy of entanglement, upconverting or downconverting between wavelengths of , often well outside the visible spectra has been beneficial and necessary . We are therefore looking at a physical system that is actively being probed/ has shown to interface with different kinds of light with a strong need to capture single photons. Where qubits can really potentially be uniquely useful is through readout. A preparation representative of N particles can help avoid the row- by row readout of CMOS pixels and instead use a parallel readout mechanism of all the qubits.

We look to analyse effective quantum algorithms and the necessary physical architectures of qubits towards alternative imaging, especially where CMOS image sensors are difficult to use.